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Comparison of Harvesting Methods for Aronia Berries

Introduction

There are at least three ways to harvest aronia berries. These are manual harvesting, mechanical harvesting and pick-your-own harvesting. Each of them is discussed in this article and the cost associated with each method.

Hand harvest

Hand picking allows for more precise selection and tends to pick more berries better. Mechanical harvesters allow for a more efficient, often more profitable process. Mechanical harvesting is well suited to large aronia berry plantations that sit on a flat patch of land. The type of harvest by hand picking, mechanical harvesters or a combination of both is influenced by multiple factors.

For manual harvesting, from the employer’s point of view, a piece rate system offers two advantages over an hourly wage system. First, a piece rate establishes in advance the unit cost of labor for which a worker is hired. Second, a piece rate system does not require close and constant monitoring of a worker’s productivity. This means that workers must be motivated. While a fixed hourly or wage payment system guarantees a fixed rate income, it also removes the possibility of a worker earning more than the stated hourly wage. Additionally, an hourly wage system removes the incentive for productivity, employers may be disadvantaged if worker performance is lower than that of more efficient pickers. In an hourly wage system, close monitoring of worker effort is necessary.

The following example assumes 700 bushes planted per acre with an average yield of 20 pounds of berries per bush. A picking rate of 16.1 pounds per hour and an hourly wage of $8.00 is used. You can use the numbers that apply to your operation. The spreadsheet also allows you to calculate your manual harvesting costs if you pay pickers by the pound. With these assumptions, hand harvesting one acre of berries requires 870 hours of labor at a wage of $8.00/hour. The operating cost of hand harvesting is (870 hours × $8.00/hour) $6,957/acre.

a. Aronia berry bushes – 700 bushes

b. Yield per bush – 20 lbs.

vs. Picking rate – 16.1 lbs/hour

D. Labor rate per pound – $0.50/lb

Total production a × b = 14,000 lbs.

Hours (a × b) / c = 870 hours

Total cost (a × b) × d = $ $6957 dollars

Cost per bush (b × d) = $9.94 dollars

Hourly wage (c × d) = $8.00 dollars

Number of pickers/week ((a × b) / c) / 40= 22 pickers

So, for hand picking, a harvest of 14,000 pounds at $1.00 per pound would be. $14,000 gross with a harvest cost of $6,957, the net profit would be $7,043 per acre not including other production costs. 10 acres could fetch $70,430.

mechanical harvest

There are two categories of machine costs: ownership costs (or fixed costs) and operating costs (or variable costs). Ownership costs include the cost of equipment which is a fixed cost no matter how much (or how little) you use the picking machine. Other related costs include repairs, housing costs, depreciation, interest and insurance. The variable operating costs associated with machine operation vary depending on how you use the equipment. Operating costs include the labor required to operate the equipment, fuel, lubrication, and the costs of other necessary equipment.

Ownership costs

You might be able to buy a combine harvester for $30,000.

Repairs

The cost of repairing belts, pulleys, motors, etc. is estimated at $200 per year. You should also plan an amount for maintenance and repairs. A suggested amount is 8% of the purchase price, or $2,400 over the 20-year term.

Housing cost

The cost of housing is estimated at $500 per year. You may have storage space available on your farm.

Depreciation

Since you use the picker infrequently and on a small area of ​​land, the useful life of the tool can be around 20 years, after which it has no market value. With these assumptions, your depreciation cost can be calculated as ($30,000/20 years) = $1,500/year.

Interest

If you borrow money to buy the harvester, the cost of borrowing must be taken into account. The interest rate should be included in your cost calculation. Even if you use your own funds to buy the equipment, you should calculate what you could earn by using that money elsewhere. Since the value of the machine decreases over time (due to depreciation), the standard method is to calculate the interest charges using the average value over the life of the machine, in this case 15 $000. Assuming an interest rate of 6% and an average value, your interest cost is $15,000 × 0.06 = $900 per year.

Assurance

You will need to insure your new aronia berry harvester. An estimate of the cost of insurance is often around $10 per $1,000 of appraisal. For a $30,000 berry picker, that would be $300 per year. Your current insurance policy may be sufficient to cover your new purchase.

Total cost of ownership $1,500 + $200 + $500 + $900 + 300 = $3,400.00 per year

Cost Comparison Breakeven Acres =

Total cost of ownership (per year) = $3,400

Hand variable costs/acre – Machine variable costs/acre $3,400.00 per acre – $6,957/acre = $3,557 extra cost to hand harvest an acre vs. machine harvest . 3400/6957 = 0.49%

So, for anything over 0.5 acres, machine harvesting is the most economical.

3400/6957 = 0.49%

So for machine harvesting, a harvest of 14,000 pounds at $1.00 per pound would be. $14,000 gross with a harvest cost of $3,400, the net profit would be $10,600 per acre not including other production costs. 10 acres could fetch $106,000.

You choose the operations

One way to help control costs is to have a “your choice” berry operation. Picking is not as popular as picking blueberries because aronia berries are bitter and must be made into juices, jams and other products.

Marketing aronia berries as fundraisers for schools and church youth groups works well for some operations. This is a good way to market aronia berries. It eliminates the cost of manual harvesting. Marketing aronia berries as fundraisers for schools and church youth groups also provides an opportunity to educate people about the health benefits of aronia berries. This method can increase your profits and make small farms profitable.

Summary

For chokeberry plantations larger than ½ acre, machine harvesting is the most economical operation. As a stopgap measure, you use direct debit operations to be profitable. For commercial operations, machine harvesting is not only the most convenient, it is essential. In addition, large areas are needed to attract large buyers for juice production. Large areas are also necessary to be profitable and competitive because Europe has several thousand hectares of Arona and markets them in the United States at very competitive prices.

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